Gene:ACT

Synonymous Genes

• ACT <=> Actin, Actin7, beta-actin, Actin 11, Actin1, Actin2, Actin3, Actin5, β-actin, Actin42A, Actin-11, Actin 101, Actin-11, β-actin1, β-actin2

Experimental Validated ICGs

Species	Gene Synonymous	Application scenarios	Publication	Year
Actinidia chinensis	Actin	Different Developmental Stages & Tissues	Identification and validation of reference genes for accurate normalization of real-time quantitative PCR data in kiwifruit	2016
Agrostis stolonifera	Actin7	Abiotic Stresses	Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR normalization in creeping bentgrass involved in four abiotic stresses	2015
Aphis gossypii	beta-actin	Different Developmental Stages & Geographical Populations	Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for the Normalization of Gene Expression Data in qRT-PCR Analysis in Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae).	2016
Apis mellifera	Actin	Bacterial Challenge	Reference Gene Selection for Insect Expression Studies Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR: The Head of the Honeybee, Apis mellifera, After a Bacterial Challenge	2008
Arachis hypogaea	Actin 11	Different Developmental Stages & Abiotic Stress	Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in peanut by quantitative real-time RT-PCR	2012
Artemisia annua	Actin	Different Tissues & Abiotic Stress	Reference gene selection in Artemisia annua L., a plant species producing anti-malarial artemisinin	2014
Aspergillus niger	Actin	Continuous Cultivation	Selection of reference genes for normalisation of specific gene quantification data of Aspergillus niger	2007
Bactrocera dorsalis	Actin1, Actin2, Actin3, Actin5	Different Sex & Tissues	Evaluation of endogenous references for gene expression profiling in different tissues of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)	2010
Bos indicus	β-actin	Milk Somatic Cells	Selection of suitable reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies in milk somatic cells of lactating cows (Bos indicus)	2012
Brassica napus	Actin7	Abiotic & Biotic Stress	Selection of reference genes for quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction normalization in Brassica napus under various stress conditions	2014
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis	Actin2	Different Developmental Stages & Biotic Stress	Validation of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR normalisation in non-heading Chinese cabbage	2012
Callithrix jacchus	b-Actin	Different Tissues	Selection of suitable reference genes for mRNA quantification studies using common marmoset tissues	2013
Channa striatus	beta-actin	High-temperature Stress	Evaluation of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of gene expression in the murrel Channa striatus under high-temperature stress	2016
Cichorium intybus	Actin	Different Tissues	Validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis in chicory (Cichorium intybus) using quantitative real-time PCR	2010
Citrullus lanatus	β-actin	Fruit Development	Evaluation of Appropriate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Normalization during Watermelon Fruit Development	2015
Citrus clementina	Beta actin	Different Genotypes	Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in citrus. Molecular biology reports	2012
Citrus japonica	Actin 7	Different Tissues & Abiotic Stress	Selection of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR studies of kumquat in various tissues and under abiotic stress	2014
Citrus maxima	Beta actin	Different Genotypes	Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in citrus. Molecular biology reports	2012
Citrus sinensis	Beta actin	Different Genotypes	Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in citrus	2012
Coffea arabica L.	Actin	Different Genotypes & Abiotic Stress	Selection of Reference Genes for Normalizing Quantitative Real-Time PCR Gene Expression Data with Multiple Variables in Coffea spp	2012
Corchorus capsularis	Actin 7	Actin 7	Selection of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR gene expression analysis in Jute (Corchorus capsularis) under stress treatments	2015
Cymbidium kanran	Actin	Abiotic Stress	Evaluation of candidate reference genes for gene expression studies in Cymbidium kanran	2014
Delomys sublineatus	Beta-actin	Liver Samples	Selection and validation of reference genes for real-time RT-PCR studies in the non-model species Delomys sublineatus, an endemic Brazilian rodent. Biochemical and biophysical research communications	2010
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera	actin 2	Different Developmental Stages & Tissues	Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)	2014
Drosophila melanogaster	Actin42A	Physiological Responses	Evaluation of potential reference genes for reverse transcription-qPCR studies of physiological responses in Drosophila melanogaster	2011
Eremosparton songoricum	Actin	Different Tissues & Abiotic Stress	Reference gene selection in the desert plant Eremosparton songoricum	2012
Fagus sylvatica	Actin	Abiotic and Biotic Stress	Quantification of mRNAs and housekeeping gene selection for quantitative real-time RT-PCR normalization in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) during abiotic and biotic stress	2008
Festuca arundinacea	Actin7	Abiotic Stresses	Identification and validation of reference genes for quantification of target gene expression with quantitative real-time PCR for tall fescue under four abiotic stresses	2015
Fragaria ananassa	Actin	Different Developmental Stages & Tissues	Identification and validation of reference genes for transcript normalization in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) defense responses	2013
Gallus gallus	Beta-actin	Embryo Fibroblasts	Systematic selection of housekeeping genes for gene expression normalization in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with Newcastle disease virus	2011
Glycine max	Actin	Different Tissues & Abiotic Stress	Evaluation of candidate reference genes for normalization of quantitative RT-PCR in soybean tissues under various abiotic stress conditions	2012
Glycine max	Actin-11	Hypoxic Condition	Reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies in soybean plants under hypoxic conditions	2014
Gossypium hirsutum	Actin gene family	Different Developmental Stages & Tissues	Identification and evaluation of new reference genes in Gossypium hirsutum for accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data	2010
Haliotis discus hannai	Actin	Bacterial Infection	Identification of normalization factors for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of gene expression in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai	2013
Homo sapiens	β-actin	Visceral Adipose Samples	Validation of endogenous reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of human visceral adipose samples	2010
Homo sapiens	β-actin	Lung Cancer	Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in lung cancer in vitro	2015
Homo sapiens	β-actin	THP-1 Monocyte Differentiation Into Macrophages	Selection of reliable reference genes during THP-1 monocyte differentiation into macrophages	2010
Homo sapiens	β-actin	Normal Thyroid & Goiter Tissue	Validation of reference genes for normalization gene expression in reverse transcription quantitative PCR in human normal thyroid and goiter tissue	2014
Homo sapiens	β-actin	Breast Cancer	High-throughput identification of reference genes for research and clinical RT-qPCR analysis of breast cancer samples	2013
Hordeum vulgare	Actin	Different Developmental stages	Internal standards for quantitative RT-PCR studies of gene expression under drought treatment in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): the effects of developmental stage and leaf age	2012
Lilium davidii	Actin	Different Experimental Conditions	Validation of Reference Genes for Accurate Normalization of Gene Expression in Lilium davidii var. unicolor for Real Time Quantitative PCR	2015
Mus musculus	β-actin	Preimplantation Embryos	Evaluation of reference genes in mouse preimplantation embryos for gene expression studies using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR)	2014
Mus musculus	β-actin	Testis Development	Identification and validation of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in mouse testis development	2014
Neurospora crassa	Beta-actin	Different Environmental Conditions	Selection and evaluation of reference genes for expression studies with quantitative PCR in the model fungus Neurospora crassa under different environmental conditions in continuous culture	2014
Oreochromis niloticus	β-actin	Vaccination & Infection	Evaluation and Selection of Appropriate Reference Genes for Real-Time Quantitative PCR Analysis of Gene Expression in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during Vaccination and Infection	2015
Oryza sativa	Actin 1	Seed Development	[Validation of candidate reference genes for the accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data in rice during seed development]	2015
Oxytropis ochrocephala	Actin-7, Actin 101	Abiotic Stress Treatments	Selection of appropriate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge using transcriptome datasets under abiotic stress treatments	2015
Panax ginseng	Actin 11	Different Tissues & Abiotic Stress	Validation of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in Panax ginseng	2016
Penicillium echinulatum	β-actin	Culture Condition	Validation of reference genes in Penicillium echinulatum to enable gene expression study using real-time quantitative RT-PCR	2014
Pericallis cruenta	Actin related protein 2	Flower Development	Reference gene selection for qPCR analysis in cineraria developing flowers	2013
Peucedanum praeruptorum	Actin 2	Abiotic Stresses ＆ Hormone Treatment & Different Tissues	Selection of reference genes for gene expression normalization in Peucedanum praeruptorum dunn under abiotic stresses, hormone treatments and different tissues	2016
Phaseolus vulgaris	Actin-11	Biotic & Abiotic Stresses	Validation of internal reference genes for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies in the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)	2013
Platycladus orientalis	Actin 7	Different Tissues & Abiotic Stress	Selection of reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies in Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) using real-time PCR	2012
Plukenetia volubilis	Actin	Different Developmental Stages & Tissues	Selection of Reliable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies of a Promising Oilseed Crop, Plukenetia volubilis, by Real-Time Quantitative PCR	2015
Plutella xylostella	β-actin	Different Developmental Stages & Tissues & Abiotic Stress	Exploring valid reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)	2013
Poa pratensis	Actin7	Different Tissues & Abiotic Stress	Selection of Candidate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) under Abiotic Stress	2017
Pyropia yezoensis	Actin3	Different Developmental Stages & Abiotic Stress	Selection of reference genes for gene expression normalization in Pyropia yezoensis using quantitative real-time PCR	2014
Quercus suber	Actin	Different Tissues	Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR normalization in Quercus suber	2012
Raphanus sativus	Actin 2/7	Different Tissues & Cultivars & Developmental Stages	Evaluation of reference genes for gene expression studies in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) using quantitative real-time PCR	2012
Rattus norvegicus	β-actin	Cardiosphere-derived Cells	Identification of valid housekeeping genes for quantitative RT-PCR analysis of cardiosphere-derived cells preconditioned under hypoxia or with prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitors	2012
Rattus norvegicus	β-actin	Adipose Tissue	Selection of suitable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR normalization in three types of rat adipose tissue	2016
Rattus norvegicus	β-actin	Borna Disease Viral Infection	Real-time qPCR identifies suitable reference genes for Borna disease virus-infected rat cortical neurons	2014
Rhodnius prolixus	β-actin	Different Experimental Conditions	Validation of reference genes for expression analysis in the salivary gland and the intestine of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) under different experimental conditions by quantitative real-time PCR	2012
Salicornia europaea	Actin	Abiotic Stress	Validation of suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in the halophyte Salicornia europaea by real-time quantitative PCR	2014
Salvia miltiorrhiza	Cytoskeletal structural protein	Different Tissues	Characterization of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in various tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza	2010
Scophthalmus maximus	β-actin	Viral Infection	Selection of normalization factors for quantitative real time RT-PCR studies in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under conditions of viral infection	2013
Sebastes schlegeli	β-Actin	Different Developmental Stages & Tissues	Selection of reference genes for reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR normalization in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)	2013
Sesamum indicum	Actin 7	Different Developmental Stages & Abiotic Stress	Identification and testing of reference genes for Sesame gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR	2013
Setaria italica	Actin2	Dehydration & Salinity Treatment	Reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in the model plant foxtail millet (Setariaitalica L.) subjected to abiotic stress conditions	2013
Solanum lycopersicum	Actin	Viral Infection	Evaluation of reference genes for quantitative reverse�\transcription polymerase chain reaction normalization in infected tomato plants	2010
Spodoptera exigua	β-actin1, β-actin2	Different Developmental Stages & Tissues	Selection and evaluation of reference genes for expression analysis using qRT-PCR in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)	2014
Spodoptera litura	Actin	Abiotic & Biotic treatments	Identification and validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis using quantitative PCR in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)	2013
Stipa grandis	Actin-7	Abiotic Stress	Selection of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis of Gene Expression in Stipa grandis during Environmental Stresses	2017
Talaromyces marneffei	β-actin	Specific Cells	Validation of reference genes for real-time quantitative RT-PCR studies in Talaromyces marneffei	2015
Vernicia fordii	Actin7a	Seed Development	Selection of reliable reference genes for gene expression studies using real-time PCR in tung tree during seed development	2012
Vigna mungo	Actin	Biotic and Abiotic stress	Defining reference genes for qPCR normalization to study biotic and abiotic stress responses in Vigna mungo	2013
Zea mays	Actin 1 gene	Landrace Varieties & During Grain Development	Selection of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies in maize grains	2013

External Links

• NCBI COnserved Protein Domain Family
• WikiPedia
• Pfam